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Photochemicalmodeling

A Coupled Model of Titan's Atmosphere and Ionosphere.
M. Banaszkiewicz, L. M. Lara, R. Rodrigo, J. J. L\' opez-Moreno, and G. J. Molina-Cuberos.
2000, Icarus, 147, 386--404. ADS bibtex

Seasonal photochemical and meridional transport model for the stratosphere of Titan.
J. R. Dire.
2000, Icarus, 145, 428--444. ADS bibtex

Model of Titans ionosphere with detailed hydrocarbon ion chemistry.
C. N. Keller, V. G. Anicich, and T. E. Cravens.
1998, Plan. & Space Sci., 46, 1157--1174. ADS bibtex

A model of the ionosphere of Titan.
C. N. Keller, T. E. Cravens, and L. Gan.
1992, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12117+. ADS bibtex

The CH_4 Density in the Upper Atmosphere of Titan.
L. M. Lara, M. Banaszkiewicz, R. Rodrigo, and J. J. Lopez-Moreno.
2002, Icarus, 158, 191--198. ADS bibtex

Vertical distribution of Titan's atmospheric neutral constituents.
L. M. Lara, F. Lellouch, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, and R. Rodrigo.
1996, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23261--26038. ADS bibtex

Liquids and solids on the surface of Titan: Results of a new photochemical model.
L. M. Lara, R. D. Lorenz, and R. Rodrigo.
1994, Plan. & Space Sci., 42, 5--14. ADS bibtex

Actinic fluxes in Titan's atmosphere, from one to three dimensions: Application to high-latitude composition.
S. Lebonnois and D. Toublanc.
1999, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22025--22034. ADS bibtex

Seasonal Variations of Titan's Atmospheric Composition.
S. Lebonnois, D. Toublanc, F. Hourdin, and P. Rannou.
2001, Icarus, 152, 384--406. ADS bibtex

Chemistry of the galactic cosmic ray induced ionosphere of Titan.
G. J. Molina-Cuberos, J. J. L\' opez-Moreno, R. Rodrigo, and L. M. Lara.
1999, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21997--22024. ADS bibtex

Ionization by cosmic rays of the atmosphere of Titan.
G. J. Molina-Cuberos, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, R. Rodrigo, L. M. Lara, and K. O'Brien.
1999, Plan. & Space Sci., 47, 1347--1354. ADS bibtex

Erratum: Photochemical modeling of Titan's Atmosphere.
D. Toublanc, J. P. Parisot, J. Brillet, D. Gautier, F. Raulin, and C. P. McKay.
1995, Icarus, 117, 218+. ADS bibtex

Photochemical modeling of Titan's atmosphere.
D. Toublanc, J. P. Parisot, J. Brillet, D. Gautier, F. Raulin, and C. P. McKay.
1995, Icarus, 113, 2--26. ADS bibtex

An update of nitrile photochemistry on Titan.
Y. L. Yung.
1987, Icarus, 72, 468--472. ADS bibtex

Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Titan - Comparison between model and observations.
Y. L. Yung, M. Allen, and J. P. Pinto.
1984, ApJs, 55, 465--506. ADS bibtex

Y. L. Yung and W. B. Demore. \em Photochemistry of planetary atmospheres. Oxford University Press, New York,
1999.

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Troposphericclouds

Moist convective clouds in Titan's atmosphere.
M. Awal and J. I. Lunine.
1994, Geophys. Res. Let., 21, 2491--2494. ADS bibtex

Direct detection of variable tropospheric clouds near Titan's south pole.
M. E. Brown, A. H. Bouchez, and C. A. Griffith.
2002, Nature, 420, 795--797. ADS bibtex

Detection of Daily Clouds on Titan.
C. A. Griffith, J. L. Hall, and T. R. Geballe.
2000, Science, 290, 509+.

Transient clouds in Titan's lower atmosphere.
C. A. Griffith, T. Owen, G. A. Miller, and T. Geballe.
1998, Nature, 395, 575--578. ADS bibtex

The life, death and afterlife of a raindrop on Titan.
R. D. Lorenz.
1993, Plan. & Space Sci., 41, 647--655. ADS bibtex

Physical properties of the organic aerosols and clouds on Titan.
C. P. McKay, A. Coustenis, R. E. Samuelson, M. T. Lemmon, R. D. Lorenz, M. Cabane, P. Rannou, and P. Drossart.
2001, Plan. & Space Sci., 49, 79--99. ADS bibtex

Titan's Clouds from Gemini and Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging.
H. G. Roe, I. de Pater, B. A. Macintosh, and C. P. McKay.
2002, ApJ, 581, 1399--1406. ADS bibtex

A physical model of Titan's clouds.
O. B. Toon, R. P. Turco, and J. B. Pollack.
1980, Icarus, 43, 260--282. ADS bibtex

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Laboratoryspectroscopy(UV/VIS)

ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT OF PROPYNENITRILE IN THE MID-UV RANGE FOR THE STUDY OF TITANS ATMOSPHERE - SOLUTION TO SAMPLE CONTAMINATIONS.
D. ANDRIEUX, Y. BENILAN, E. DEVANSSAY, P. PAILLOUS, M. KHLIFI, F. RAULIN, P. BRUSTON, and J. C. GUILLEMIN.
1995, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, 100, 9455--9460.

Temperature dependence of HC3N, C6H2, and C4N2 mid- UV absorption coefficients. Application to the interpretation of Titan's atmospheric spectra.
Y. Benilan, D. Andrieux, M. Khlifi, P. Bruston, F. Raulin, J. C. Guillemin, and C. CossartMagos.
1996, ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE, 236, 85--95.

Ultraviolet and infrared spectrum of C_6H_2 revisited and vapor pressure curve in Titan's atmosphere.
F. Shindo, Y. Benilan, J.-C. Guillemin, P. Chaquin, A. Jolly, and F. Raulin.
2003, Plan. & Space Sci., 51, 9--17. ADS bibtex

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Laboratoryspectroscopy(IR)

PM3, AM1, MINDO3 semi-empirical IR spectra simulations for some nitriles of interest for Titan's chemistry.
V. A. Basiuk, R. Navarro-Gonzalez, Y. Benilan, and F. Raulin.
2000, SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 56, 1157--1165.

Infrared spectra of gaseous mononitriles - Application to the atmosphere of Titan.
F. Cerceau, F. Raulin, R. Courtin, and D. Gautier.
1985, Icarus, 62, 207--220. ADS bibtex

INFRARED-SPECTRA OF TRIACETYLENE IN THE 4000-220 CM(-1) REGION - ABSOLUTE BAND INTENSITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ATMOSPHERE OF TITAN.
C. DELPECH, J. C. GUILLEMIN, P. PAILLOUS, M. KHLIFI, P. BRUSTON, and F. RAULIN.
1994, SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 50, 1095--1100.

Gas infrared spectra, assignments, and absolute IR band intensities of C4N2 in the 250-3500 cm-1 region: implications for Titan's stratosphere.
M. Khlifi, P. Paillous, P. Bruston, J. C. Guillemin, Y. Be'nilan, A. Daoudi, and F. Raulin.
1997, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 53, 707--712.

Absolute IR Band Intensities of CH\_2N\_2, CH\_3N\_3, and CH\_3NC in the 250-4300 cm\^-1 Region and Upper Limits of Abundance in Titan's Stratosphere.
M. Khlifi, P. Paillous, P. Bruston, F. Raulin, and J. C. Guillemin.
1996, Icarus, 124, 318--328. ADS bibtex

ABSOLUTE IR BAND INTENSITIES OF DIACETYLENE IN THE 250-4300 CM(-1) REGION - IMPLICATIONS FOR TITAN ATMOSPHERE.
M. KHLIFI, P. PAILLOUS, C. DELPECH, M. NISHIO, P. BRUSTON, and F. RAULIN.
1995, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 174, 116--122.

INFRARED INTENSITIES AND FREQUENCIES OF 2- BUTYNENITRILE - APPLICATION TO THE ATMOSPHERE OF TITAN.
M. KHLIFI and F. RAULIN.
1991, SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 47, 171--176.

INFRARED-SPECTRA OF GASEOUS ETHANENITRILE IN THE 3500-250 CM(-1) REGION - ABSOLUTE BAND INTENSITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ATMOSPHERE OF TITAN.
M. NISHIO, P. PAILLOUS, M. KHLIFI, P. BRUSTON, and F. RAULIN.
1995, SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 51, 617--622.

INFRARED-SPECTRA OF GASEOUS ORGANICS - APPLICATION TO THE ATMOSPHERE OF TITAN .2. INFRARED INTENSITIES AND FREQUENCIES OF C-4 ALKANENITRILES AND BENZENE.
F. RAULIN, B. ACCAOUI, A. RAZAGHI, M. DANGNHU, A. COUSTENIS, and D. GAUTIER.
1990, SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 46, 671--683.

Ultraviolet and infrared spectrum of C_6H_2 revisited and vapor pressure curve in Titan's atmosphere.
F. Shindo, Y. Benilan, J.-C. Guillemin, P. Chaquin, A. Jolly, and F. Raulin.
2003, Plan. & Space Sci., 51, 9--17. ADS bibtex

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Atmosphericcompositionobservations

Stratospheric depletion of CO on Titan.
E. Chassefiere and M. Cabane.
1991, Geophys. Res. Let., 18, 467--470. ADS bibtex

Titan's atmosphere from Voyager infrared observations. 4: Latitudinal variations of temperature and composition.
A. Coustenis and B. Bezard.
1995, Icarus, 115, 126--140. ADS bibtex

Titan's atmosphere from Voyager infrared observations. I - The gas composition of Titan's equatorial region.
A. Coustenis, B. Bezard, and D. Gautier.
1989, Icarus, 80, 54--76. ADS bibtex

Titan's atmosphere from Voyager infrared observations. II - The CH3D abundance and D/H ratio from the 900-1200/cm spectral region.
A. Coustenis, B. Bezard, and D. Gautier.
1989, Icarus, 82, 67--80. ADS bibtex

Titan's atmosphere from Voyager infrared observations. III - Vertical contributions of hydrocarbons and nitriles near Titan's north pole.
A. Coustenis, B. Bezard, D. Gautier, A. Marten, and R. Samuelson.
1991, Icarus, 89, 152--167. ADS bibtex

Evidence for water vapor in Titan's atmosphere from ISO/SWS data.
A. Coustenis, A. Salama, E. Lellouch, T. Encrenaz, G. L. Bjoraker, R. E. Samuelson, T. de Graauw, H. Feuchtgruber, and M. F. Kessler.
1998, Astron. and Astrophys., 336, L85--LL89. ADS bibtex

Past and Future Space Observations of Titan in the Infrared and Submm Ranges: ISO, CASSINI and FIRST.
A. Coustenis, A. Salama, B. Schulz, E. Lellouch, T. Encrenaz, S. Ott, M. F. Kessler, H. Feuchtgruber, and T. de Graauw.
2001, The Promise of the Herschel Space Observatory. Eds. G. L. Pilbratt, J. Cernicharo, A. M. Heras, T. Prusti, \& R. Harris. ESA-SP 460, p.393, 460, 393--+. ADS bibtex

Monodeuterated methane in the outer solar system. III - Its abundance of Titan.
C. de Bergh, B. L. Lutz, T. Owen, and J. Chauville.
1988, ApJ, 329, 951--955. ADS bibtex

ISO observations of the giant planets and Titan: what have we learnt?
T. Encrenaz.
2003, Plan. & Space Sci., 51, 89--103. ADS bibtex

High-Resolution 3 Micron Spectroscopy of Molecules in the Mesosphere and Troposphere of Titan.
T. R. Geballe, S. J. Kim, K. S. Noll, and C. A. Griffith.
2003, ApJL, 583, L39--L42. ADS bibtex

CO on titan: evidence for a well-mixed vertical profile.
M. A. Gurwell and D. O. Muhleman.
1995, Icarus, 117, 375--382. ADS bibtex

Note: CO on Titan: More Evidence for a well-mixed vertical profile.
M. A. Gurwell and D. O. Muhleman.
2000, Icarus, 145, 653--656. ADS bibtex

Millimeter and Submillimeter Heterodyne Observations of Titan: Retrieval of the Vertical Profile of HCN and the \^12C\_solar\^13C Ratio.
T. Hidayat, A. Marten, B. Bezard, D. Gautier, T. Owen, H. E. Matthews, and G. Paubert.
1997, Icarus, 126, 170--182. ADS bibtex

Cassini/Huygens science instruments.
L. D. Jaffe and L. M. Herrell. In \em Proc. SPIE Vol. 2803, Cassini/Huygens: A Mission to the Saturnian Systems, Linda Horn; Ed., volume 2803, pages 84--106,
1996. ADS bibtex

The abundance of CH3D in the atmosphere of Titan, derived from 8- to 14-micron thermal emission.
S. J. Kim and J. Caldwell.
1982, Icarus, 52, 473--482. ADS bibtex

NOTE: Three-Micrometer CH₄ Line Emission from Titan's High-Altitude Atmosphere.
S. J. Kim, T. R. Geballe, and K. S. Noll.
2000, Icarus, 147, 588--591. ADS bibtex

Ethane abundance on Titan.
T. Kostiuk, K. Fast, T. A. Livengood, J. Goldstein, T. Hewagama, D. Buhl, F. Espenak, and K. Ho Ro.
1997, Plan. & Space Sci., 45, 931--939. ADS bibtex

Titan: a Satellite with an Atmosphere.
G. P. Kuiper.
1944, ApJ, 100, 378--+. ADS bibtex

Cassini infrared Fourier spectroscopic investigation.
V. G. Kunde, P. A. Ade, R. D. Barney, D. Bergman, J. Bonnal, R. Borelli, D. Boyd, J. C. Brasunas, G. Brown, S. B. Calcutt, F. Carroll, R. Courtin, J. Cretolle, J. A. Crooke, M. A. Davis, S. Edberg, R. Fettig, M. Flasar, D. A. Glenar, S. Graham, J. G. Hagopian, C. F. Hakun, P. A. Hayes, L. Herath, L. Horn, D. E. Jennings, G. Karpati, C. Kellebenz, B. Lakew, J. Lindsay, J. Lohr, J. J. Lyons, R. J. Martineau, A. J. Martino, M. Matsumura, J. McCloskey, T. Melak, G. Michel, A. Morell, C. Mosier, L. Pack, M. Plants, D. Robinson, L. Rodriguez, P. Romani, W. J. Schaefer, S. Schmidt, C. Trujillo, T. Vellacott, K. Wagner, and D. Yun. In \em Proc. SPIE Vol. 2803, Cassini/Huygens: A Mission to the Saturnian Systems, Linda Horn; Ed., volume 2803, pages 162--177,
1996. ADS bibtex

C4H2, HC3N and C2N2 in Titan's atmosphere.
V. G. Kunde, A. C. Aikin, R. A. Hanel, D. E. Jennings, W. C. Maguire, and R. E. Samuelson.
1981, Nature, 292, 686--688. ADS bibtex

Titan's atmosphere and hypothesized ocean - A reanalysis of the Voyager 1 radio-occultation and IRIS 7.7-micron data.
E. Lellouch, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, F. Raulin, N. Dubouloz, and C. Frere.
1989, Icarus, 79, 328--349. ADS bibtex

Titan's 5$\mu$m window: observations with the Very Large Telescope.
E. Lellouch, A. Coustenis, B. Sebag, J.-G. Cuby, M. Lopez-Valverde, B. Schmitt, T. Fouchet, and J. Crovisier.
2003, Icarus, 162, 125--142.

Methane Abundance on Titan, Measured by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph.
M. T. Lemmon, P. H. Smith, and R. D. Lorenz.
2002, Icarus, 160, 375--385. ADS bibtex

NOTE: Improved Determination of Ethane (C$_2$H$_6$) Abundance in Titan's Stratosphere.
T. A. Livengood, T. Hewagama, T. Kostiuk, K. E. Fast, and J. J. Goldstein.
2002, Icarus, 157, 249--253. ADS bibtex

Titan - Discovery of carbon monoxide in its atmosphere.
B. L. Lutz, C. de Bergh, and T. Owen.
1983, Science, 220, 1374+. ADS bibtex

C3H8 and C3H4 in Titan's atmosphere.
W. C. Maguire, R. A. Hanel, D. E. Jennings, V. G. Kunde, and R. E. Samuelson.
1981, Nature, 292, 683--686. ADS bibtex

Abundance of carbon monoxide in the stratosphere of Titan from millimeter heterodyne observations.
A. Marten, D. Gautier, L. Tanguy, A. Lecacheux, and C. Rosolen.
1988, Icarus, 76, 558--562. ADS bibtex

New Millimeter Heterodyne Observations of Titan: Vertical Distributions of Nitriles HCN, HC$_3$N, CH$_3$CN, and the Isotopic Ratio $^15$N/$^14$N in Its Atmosphere.
A. Marten, T. Hidayat, Y. Biraud, and R. Moreno.
2002, Icarus, 158, 532--544. ADS bibtex

The millimeter spectrum of Titan - Detectability of HCN, HC3N, and CH3CN and the CO abundance.
G. Paubert, D. Gautier, and R. Courtin.
1984, Icarus, 60, 599--612. ADS bibtex

Stratospheric profile of HCN on Titan from millimeter observations.
L. Tanguy, B. Bezard, A. Marten, D. Gautier, E. Gerard, G. Paubert, and A. Lecacheux.
1990, Icarus, 85, 43--57. ADS bibtex

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